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/ Case study 2025

JFrog Platform on Azure Government

Production deployment of JFrog Artifactory on AKS via Terraform and Helm — full MS-ISR compliance, FIPS 140-2 encryption, customer-managed keys, private networking. Air-gapped from day one.

Year
2025
Cloud
Azure Government
Stack
Terraform · AKS · Helm
Compliance
MS-ISR · FIPS 140-2
/ 01

Context

The customer needed a hardened binary repository inside Azure Government for a regulated software-supply-chain workload. The platform had to host signed container images, Helm charts, and language-package mirrors used by downstream pipelines that never touch the public internet.

JFrog Artifactory was the chosen product. The work was the delivery — landing it in Azure Government to a standard that would survive an authorization-to-operate review.

/ 02

Constraints

Compliance
MS-ISR baseline applied across identity, networking, encryption, and logging surfaces.
Cryptography
FIPS 140-2 validated modules required end-to-end — at rest and in transit.
Key custody
Customer-managed keys (CMK) only. Microsoft-managed keys were not acceptable for the data classes in scope.
Network posture
No public ingress, no public egress. Private endpoints for every PaaS dependency, internal load balancer in front of Artifactory.
Reproducibility
The platform had to be reconstructible from source — no console drift, no undocumented ClickOps.
/ 03

Architecture

The stack is fully declarative. Terraform provisions the Azure Government resources and AKS cluster; Helm renders the JFrog chart against the resulting cluster.

Compute
AKS in Azure Government with private API server, system-assigned managed identities, and Workload Identity for pod-level access to Key Vault.
Storage
Azure Files (premium) for Artifactory binaries, encrypted with CMKs from a Premium Key Vault HSM.
Database
Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server, private endpoint only, TDE backed by the same CMK chain.
Ingress
Internal Application Gateway terminating TLS with a FIPS-validated profile; mTLS to backing pods via the service mesh.
Identity
Microsoft Entra ID (Government) groups mapped to Artifactory roles via SAML; no local accounts in production.
Observability
Container logs and Artifactory audit events shipped to Log Analytics in a separate subscription boundary, retained per the controlling SSP.
/ 04

Outcomes

1
Single apply to production
FIPS 140-2
End-to-end cryptography
CMK
Customer-controlled keys
0
ClickOps in production
  • Platform reached production behind the air gap with a single terraform apply from a clean state.
  • All cryptography material chains back to a customer-controlled HSM — Microsoft never holds a key.
  • Disaster-recovery rehearsal: full rebuild from source completed inside the change window with parity verification on artifact hashes.
  • The Terraform + Helm pattern became the reference for follow-on regulated workloads in the same boundary.
/ 05

Reflections

The Helm chart provided by upstream JFrog assumes a more permissive posture than this environment allows; templating around it works but produces a values file that's harder to audit than a from-scratch chart would be. A future iteration would maintain a small internal chart that wraps the upstream images directly, trading reuse for clarity at the boundary.